How to Import Class From Subdirectories in Python

In this tutorial, we will discuss methods to import classes from sub-directories in Python.

Import Classes From Sub-Directories With import Statement in Python3

In Python 3.x, importing classes from the current or any sub-directories is very easy. We will use the following directory structure in this tutorial.

Main/
    main.py
    A.py
    B/
        B.py

The files A.py and B.py contain two classes, Aclass and Bclass, which we will import to the main.py class. The code of both A.py and B.py are shown below.

A.py file：

class Aclass:
    a = 5

    def show(this):
        print("Hello! this is class A")

B.py file:

class Bclass:
    b = 5

    def show(this):
        print("Hello! this is class B")

The import statement imports the Aclass and the Bclass in main.py. The following code example shows us how to import classes from sub-directories with the import statement in Python.

from A import Aclass
from B.B import Bclass

var1 = Aclass()
var2 = Bclass()

var1.show()
var2.show()

Output:

Hello! this is class A
Hello! this is class B

In the above code, we import both Aclass and Bclass in the main.py file with the import statement. For the files in the same directory, we have to use the following notation.

from filename import classname

The filename is the name of the file, and the classname is the name of the class to be imported. For the files in the sub-directory, we have to follow the following notation.

from dirname.filename import classname

The dirname is the name of the directory in which the file is located, the filename is the name of the file, and the classname is the class’s name to be imported. For the files in sub-directories or sub-sub-directories, we have to add another .subdirname as shown below.

from dirname.subdirname.filename import classname

The dirname is the name of the directory, subdirname is the name of the sub-directory containing the file, the filename is the name of the file, and the classname is the name of the class to be imported.