C++ Switch 語句中的中斷

Migel Hewage Nimesha 2023年10月12日
  1. C++ 中帶有 breakswitch 語句
  2. C++ 中沒有 breakswitch 語句
C++ Switch 語句中的中斷

C 和 C++ 中的 break 語句用於在 switch 語句的程式碼塊中滿足所需條件時停止迴圈迭代。

如果沒有使用 break 語句,程式將繼續執行,直到到達 switch 語句的末尾。

首先,我們必須瞭解 switch 語句的工作原理。

switch 語句的開頭,我們必須提供一個表示式,然後程式將遍歷 switch 語句中的每個 case,如果找到與我們提供的表示式匹配的 case,它將執行那個 case

如果上述過程不能匹配表示式,程式會跳出 switch 語句並執行 default 語句。

C++ 中帶有 breakswitch 語句

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
  int rating = 2;
  switch (rating) {
    case 1:
      cout << "Rated as 1. ";
      break;

    case 2:
      cout << "Rated as 2. ";
      break;

    case 3:
      cout << "Rated as 3. ";
      break;

    case 4:
      cout << "Rated as 4. ";
      break;

    case 5:
      cout << "Rated as 5. ";
      break;
  }
  return 0;
}

這裡的表示式是 rating = 2。程式在這裡所做的是它一個接一個地遍歷每個 case 並檢查提供的表示式的潛在匹配以停止進一步執行迴圈並終止它,給我們下面的輸出。

Rated as 2.

C++ 中沒有 breakswitch 語句

讓我們再次執行相同的程式碼,但這次是在每個 case 之後刪除 break 語句。

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
  int rating = 2;
  switch (rating) {
    case 1:
      cout << "Rated as 1. ";

    case 2:
      cout << "Rated as 2. ";

    case 3:
      cout << "Rated as 3. ";

    case 4:
      cout << "Rated as 4. ";

    case 5:
      cout << "Rated as 5. ";
  }

  return 0;
}

輸出:

Rated as 2. Rated as 3. Rated as 4. Rated as 5.

你可以看到,如果沒有 break 語句,即使在滿足要求後,程式也會列印每個 case 的值。

break 語句用於迴圈應該迭代的次數未知或迴圈滿足某個預定義條件的情況。

當語句體中沒有 default 語句且沒有 case 匹配時,不會執行 switch 語句體。switch 語句主體內的任何位置都只能有一個 default 語句。

最後,break 語句也用於 do、for 和 while 迴圈。在這些情況下,break 語句會在滿足特定條件時強制程式退出迴圈。

Migel Hewage Nimesha avatar Migel Hewage Nimesha avatar

Nimesha is a Full-stack Software Engineer for more than five years, he loves technology, as technology has the power to solve our many problems within just a minute. He have been contributing to various projects over the last 5+ years and working with almost all the so-called 03 tiers(DB, M-Tier, and Client). Recently, he has started working with DevOps technologies such as Azure administration, Kubernetes, Terraform automation, and Bash scripting as well.

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